Targeting PTEN using small molecule inhibitors.

Targeting PTEN using small molecule inhibitors.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.) (2015-03-10)

Lok Hang Mak, Rudiger Woscholski

초록

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is well known as a tumour suppressor. It's PI(3,4,5)P3 lipid phosphatase activity is an important counteracting mechanism in PI 3-kinase (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling. Furthermore, PTEN lies upstream of Akt kinase, a key enzyme in insulin signalling regulating glucose uptake and cell growth. Therefore, PTEN has recently gained attention as a valuable drug target for the treatment of diabetes, stroke, cardiac infarct and fertility. This review summarizes the use of small molecules as PTEN inhibitors. Currently available methodologies and techniques for accessing PTEN inhibition in vitro and in cellulo will be discussed.

MATERIALS

제품 번호

브랜드

제품 설명

07102

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, fuming, 36.5-38%

320331

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid, ACS reagent, 37%

H9892

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid solution, 1.0 N, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture

84429

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid solution, ~6 M in H₂O, for amino acid analysis

30721

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., fuming, ≥37%, APHA: ≤10

2104

Supelco

Hydrochloric acid solution, volumetric, 0.1 M HCl (0.1N), endotoxin free

258148

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid, ACS reagent, 37%

345547

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrogen chloride solution, 4.0 M in dioxane

H1758

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid, BioReagent, 36.5-38.0%

W530574

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrochloric acid solution, 32 wt. % in H₂O, FCC

M6880

Sigma-Aldrich

Malachite Green oxalate salt, Technical grade

C2432

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, contains 100-200 ppm amylenes as stabilizer, ≥99.5%

02487

Supelco

Chloroform, analytical standard

372978

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, anhydrous, contains amylenes as stabilizer, ≥99%

PHR1552

Supelco

Chloroform, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

C7559

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, ≥99%, PCR Reagent, contains amylenes as stabilizer

132950

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer

366919

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, ACS spectrophotometric grade, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer

650498

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%, contains amylenes as stabilizer

09878

Sigma-Aldrich

Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, BioUltra, ≥99.0% (T)

A1343

Sigma-Aldrich

Ammonium molybdate, meets USP testing specifications

277908

Sigma-Aldrich

Ammonium molybdate, 99.98% trace metals basis

D6046

Sigma-Aldrich

Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle′s Medium - low glucose, With 1000 mg/L glucose, L-glutamine, and sodium bicarbonate, liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture

T4174

Sigma-Aldrich

Trypsin-EDTA solution, 10 ×, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, 5.0 g porcine trypsin and 2 g EDTA, 4Na per liter of 0.9% sodium chloride

366927

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer

D5671

Sigma-Aldrich

Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle′s Medium - high glucose, With 4500 mg/L glucose and sodium bicarbonate, without L-glutamine and sodium pyruvate, liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture, suitable for hybridoma

M1019

Sigma-Aldrich

Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, 81.0-83.0% MoO₃ basis

24216

Sigma-Aldrich

Chloroform, contains ethanol as stabilizer, meets analytical specification of BP, 99-99.4% (GC)

17935

Supelco

Hydrogen chloride – methanol solution, ~1.25 m HCl (T), derivatization grade (GC derivatization), LiChropur^™

431346

Sigma-Aldrich

Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, ACS reagent, 99.98% trace metals basis