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  • Evaluation of amino acid ester-based ionic liquids as buffer additives in CE for the separation of 2-arylpropionic acids nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Evaluation of amino acid ester-based ionic liquids as buffer additives in CE for the separation of 2-arylpropionic acids nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Electrophoresis (2014-05-24)
Maria C Mavroudi, Constantina P Kapnissi-Christodoulou
ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study is the CE performance evaluation for the separation of 2-arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In particular, the separation of indoprofen, carprofen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and flurbiprofen was obtained by supporting the BGE either with SDS or an amino acid ester-based ionic liquid (AAIL). The performance of these additives was evaluated by comparing migration times, efficiencies and %RSD values. The addition of the AAIL into the BGE provided baseline separation within 10 min, while in the case of SDS, the analytes eluted within 23 min. The optimum conditions involve a BGE of 100 mM Tris/10 mM sodium tetraboratedecahydrate (pH 8) and 40 mM l-alanine tert butyl ester lactate or 10 mM SDS and a temperature of 35°C for AAIL and 20°C for SDS. The run-to-run reproducibility was evaluated by computing the %RSD values of the EOF and the analyte peaks. When the AAIL was used, an excellent reproducibility was obtained, since all %RSD values were below 1.3%. On the contrary, the addition of SDS resulted in much higher RSD values (2.1-11.7%). The efficiency values of all analyte peaks were above 102 000 for l-AlaC4 Lac, in comparison to SDS, which provided efficiency values between 47000 and 76000. Finally, in an attempt to study the synergistic effect of SDS and AAIL, both additives were added into the BGE at concentrations of 10 and 40 mM, respectively. The results were similar to the ones obtained when SDS was used as the sole additive.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Carprofen, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Flurbiprofen, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Carprofen, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, JIS special grade, 99.0-103.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, buffer substance, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, BioXtra, ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, purum p.a., anhydrous, ≥98.0% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.5% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, for molecular biology, ≥98.5% (titration)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioXtra, ≥99.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.5%
Supelco
Flurbiprofen, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Flurbiprofen, cyclooxygenase inhibitor
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, 99.95% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
D-Alanine, ≥98% (HPLC)
Supelco
Carprofen, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, 99.0-103.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, anhydrous, ≥99.0% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, ≥99.0%, free-flowing, Redi-Dri
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium phosphate dibasic, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, FCC, E 339, anhydrous, 98-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance)
Ibuprofen for peak identification, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Ibuprofen, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Ibuprofen, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
USP
Sodium acetate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Carprofen for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Ibuprofen, meets USP testing specifications