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  • Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 supernatant prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth and reduces inflammation in pregnant CD-1 mice.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 supernatant prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth and reduces inflammation in pregnant CD-1 mice.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2014-02-04)
Siwen Yang, Wei Li, John R G Challis, Gregor Reid, Sung O Kim, Alan D Bocking
ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 supernatant (GR-1 SN) on lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth (PTB) and outputs of cytokines, chemokines, and progesterone in pregnant CD-1 mice. We compared PTB rates after intrauterine injection of lipopolysaccharide with and without previous GR-1 SN treatment. Cytokines and chemokines in the maternal plasma, myometrium, placenta, and amniotic fluid were examined with multiplex assay, and circulating maternal progesterone was measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay. Statistical significance was assessed with 2-tailed 1-way analysis of variance or analysis of variance on ranks. Fetal sex ratios in mice that delivered preterm were compared with those that delivered at term after lipopolysaccharide and GR-1 SN treatments. GR-1 SN reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced PTB by 43%. GR-1 SN significantly decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, and -12p40, tumor necrosis factor-α, CCL4, and CCL5 in maternal plasma; IL-6, -12p70, -17, and -13 and tumor necrosis factor-α in myometrium; IL-6, -12p70, and -17 in placenta; and IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, CCL3, and CCL4 in amniotic fluid. Maternal plasma progesterone was reduced significantly after lipopolysaccharide injection with and without GR-1 SN pretreatment. There was no difference in fetal sex ratios between mice that delivered preterm and those that did not after lipopolysaccharide and GR-1 SN treatments. The supernatant of probiotic L rhamnosus GR-1 attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and PTB in vivo. GR-1 SN may confer therapeutic benefits in the prevention of infection-associated PTB by controlling systemic and intrauterine inflammation.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Progesterone, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Progesterone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Progesterone, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Progesterone, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Progesterone, γ-irradiated, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Progesterone, meets USP testing specifications
Sigma-Aldrich
Progesterone, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
REDExtract-N-Amp Tissue PCR Kit, sufficient for 10 reactions, sufficient for 100 reactions, sufficient for 1000 reactions, hotstart, dNTPs included
USP
Progesterone, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Supelco
Progesterone solution, 1.0 mg/mL in acetonitrile, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant®