콘텐츠로 건너뛰기

Solubility and thermodynamic function of vanillin in ten different environmentally benign solvents.

Solubility and thermodynamic function of vanillin in ten different environmentally benign solvents.

Food chemistry (2015-03-15)

Faiyaz Shakeel, Nazrul Haq, Nasir A Siddiqui

초록

The solubility of vanillin in ten different environmentally benign solvents namely water, ethanol, ethylene glycol (EG), ethyl acetate (EA), isopropanol (IPA), propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), Transcutol, butanol-1 and butanol-2 was measured and correlated at T=(298-318)K. The resulting experimental data were correlated with the modified Apelblat and Van't Hoff models. Both the models showed good correlation of experimental solubility data with calculated ones with root mean square deviations in the range of (0.08-1.55)%. The mole fraction solubility of vanillin was observed highest in PEG-400 (4.29 × 10(-1) at 298 K) followed by Transcutol, EA, butanol-2, ethanol, EG, PG, IPA, butanol-1 and water from T=(298-318)K. The results of thermodynamic function in terms of dissolution enthalpy, Gibbs energy and dissolution entropy showed endothermic, spontaneous and entropy-driven dissolution of vanillin in all environmentally benign solvents.

MATERIALS

제품 번호

브랜드

제품 설명

Supelco

Mettler-Toledo Calibration substance ME 51143093, Vanillin, traceable to primary standards (LGC)

Supelco

1-Butanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Sigma-Aldrich

1-Butanol, ACS reagent, ≥99.4%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

1-Butanol, anhydrous, 99.8%

Supelco

Vanillin melting point standard, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Sigma-Aldrich

Vanillin, tested according to Ph. Eur.

Sigma-Aldrich

Vanillin, ≥97%, FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

Vanillin, natural, ≥97%, FCC, FG

Supelco

Residual Solvent - Acetonitrile(solution in DMSO), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Supelco

Propylene glycol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

USP

Propylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Sigma-Aldrich

Propylene glycol, ≥99.5% (GC), FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

Propylene Glycol, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

Vanillin, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

Supelco

Vanillin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

USP

Vanillin Melting Point Standard, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Supelco

Vanillin, certified reference material, TraceCERT^®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland

Vanillin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, histological grade, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

2-Butanol, anhydrous, 99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, Laboratory Reagent, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

2-Butanol, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, ≥99% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

1-Butanol, 99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

Acetone, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.5% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

1-Butanol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.5% (GC)